CVE-2026-44723
📛 CVE Title
Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner
Description
Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- GitHub_M
- CVSS severity
- MEDIUM
- CVSS score
- 5.0 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N- Effective score
- 5.0 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-78,CWE-1336 - Reserved
- 2026-05-07
- Published
- 2026-05-26 15:49 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-05-28 13:58 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44723.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2026-44723 — CVE-2026-44723
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2026-05-26 17:16:46 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-07-24 11:10:00 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 5.0 / 10 MEDIUM source: security-advisories@github.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N- Exploitability subscore
- 3.1 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 1.4 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0047 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 38.01% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-26
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-27 11:02 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2026-31902 - Assigner
- GitHub_M
- Published
- May 26, 2026, 3:49:17 PM
- Updated
- May 28, 2026, 1:58:23 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
5.0 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.4700
- Vendors
- VowpalWabbit
- Products
-
vowpal_wabbit (< 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad)
ENISA description: Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| VowpalWabbit | vowpal_wabbit |
< 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad (affected)
|
— |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (1) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:a:vowpalwabbit:vowpal_wabbit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendor references (2)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
Web references (5)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/commit/998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad tenable:github.com
- https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq tenable:github.com
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44723 tenable:nvd.nist.gov
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44723 tenable:www.cve.org
- https://www.first.org/epss/ tenable:www.first.org
NVD-tagged references (3)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/commit/998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad security-advisories@github.com Patch
- https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq security-advisories@github.com ExploitMitigationVendor Advisory
- https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 ExploitMitigationVendor Advisory
Remediations (19)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:access.redhat.com
Applying the kernel fix , when available, is the only comprehensive remediation . Option 1: Admin-only scope Setting ptrace_scope to 2 restricts ptrace attach to processes with CAP_SYS_PTRACE. This blocks many currently known exploitation paths, but other paths that do not rely on ptrace may exist. This is suitable for most production environments.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:experienceleague.adobe.com
Learn about security bug fixes, security enhancements, and other security related updates included in the security patch releases for Adobe Commerce version 2.4.7.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
Vulnerabilities All vulnerabilities in the NVD have been assigned a CVE identifier and thus, abide by the definition below. CVE defines a vulnerability as: "A weakness in the computational logic (e.g., code) found in software and hardware components that, when exploited, results in a negative impact to confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Mitigation of the vulnerabilities in this ...
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:securityboulevard.com
Organizations must decide how to tackle vulnerabilities—through remediation , mitigation , or a combination of both. But which strategy is more effective? This blog explores the nuances of vulnerability remediation vs mitigation , their respective benefits, and how to choose the right approach.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday addresses 164 CVEs , featuring 8 Critical vulnerabilities, one exploited zero-day, and one disclosed zero-day.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:www.cve.org
At cve .org, we provide the authoritative reference method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:www.strongboxit.com
Learn the key differences between vulnerability remediation vs mitigation in cybersecurity. Discover which method is effective for protecting your data.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:www.virustotal.com
VirusTotal is a platform for scanning files and URLs for viruses, malware, and other threats using multiple antivirus engines.
2026-06-04 00:18 UTC -
web:blogs.oracle.com
For more information about the Critical Security Patch Update program, see the security vulnerability remediation practices page located on the Oracle Trust Center.
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:msrc.microsoft.com
Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Microsoft says it is considering a patch for a zero-day vulnerability, dubbed YellowKey, that allows attackers with access to a Windows device to bypass Bitlocker encryption protection and read ...
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft has released security updates for 130 vulnerabilities, including 30 critical, in its May 2026 Patch Tuesday rollout.
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:www.malwarebytes.com
Microsoft says it's working on a fix for an unpatched Defender vulnerability that can give attackers the highest level of access on Windows.
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Security Patch Update contains 35 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Security Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at May 2026 Critical Security Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:www.puppet.com
AI-driven OpenSSL discoveries are shrinking patch windows. See how Puppet helps teams find, patch , and continuously enforce remediation at scale.
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:www.rapid7.com
Microsoft is publishing 200 vulnerabilities on June 2026 Patch Tuesday, including an HTTP/2 denial of service vulnerability and an elevation of privilege vulnerability in PowerToys.
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's June 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-06-19 02:26 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-44723.json.
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