CVE-2025-59718

Description

A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.14, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.21, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication via a crafted SAML response message.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): fortinet
CVSS severity: CRITICAL
CVSS score: 9.1 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
Effective score: 9.1 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-347
Reserved: 2025-09-19
Published: 2025-12-09 18:20 UTC
Last updated: 2026-03-20 13:39 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59718.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2025-59718 — CVE-2025-59718

CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities CISA KEV

CISA has confirmed in-the-wild exploitation of this CVE. Federal agencies must remediate by the due date below; private orgs should treat it as priority-1.

Vulnerability name: Fortinet Multiple Products Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature Vulnerability
Vendor / project: Fortinet
Product: Multiple Products
Date added to KEV: 2025-12-16
Remediation due: 2025-12-23
Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Ransomware campaign use: Unknown
CISA notes: https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647 ; https://docs.fortinet.com/upgrade-tool/fortigate ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59718
CISA listing: www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2025-12-09 18:15:54 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-06-17 09:46:35 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: psirt@fortinet.com
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 3.9 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.9 / 10
EPSS score: 0.6302 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile: 99.12% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-27

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2025-202198
Assigner: fortinet
Published: Dec 9, 2025, 5:20:11 PM
Updated: Mar 20, 2026, 12:39:05 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 9.1 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
EUVD-reported EPSS: 9.4900
Vendors: Fortinet
Products: FortiOS (7.0.0 ≤7.0.17)

FortiProxy (7.6.0 ≤7.6.3)

FortiOS (7.4.0 ≤7.4.8)

FortiProxy (7.0.0 ≤7.0.21)

FortiProxy (7.2.0 ≤7.2.14)

FortiOS (7.2.0 ≤7.2.11)

FortiOS (7.6.0 ≤7.6.3)

FortiSwitchManager (7.0.0 ≤7.0.5)

FortiProxy (7.4.0 ≤7.4.10)

FortiSwitchManager (7.2.0 ≤7.2.6)
Aliases: GHSA-fjj2-p33c-f8qq

ENISA description: A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.14, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.21, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication via a crafted SAML response message.

EUVD references (1)

https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647

Affected products (3)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
Fortinet	FortiSwitchManager	`7.2.0` (affected), `7.0.0` (affected)	—
Fortinet	FortiOS	`7.6.0` (affected), `7.4.0` (affected), `7.2.0` (affected), `7.0.0` (affected)	—
Fortinet	FortiProxy	`7.6.0` (affected), `7.4.0` (affected), `7.2.0` (affected), `7.0.0` (affected)	—

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (5) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:h:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Vendor references (1)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647

Web references (5)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/347.html rapid7:cwe.mitre.org
https://attackerkb.com/topics/CVE-2025-59718 rapid7:attackerkb.com
https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-202198 rapid7:euvd.enisa.europa.eu
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647 rapid7:fortiguard.fortinet.com
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59718 rapid7:www.cve.org

NVD-tagged references (4)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://arcticwolf.com/resources/blog/arctic-wolf-observes-malicious-sso-logins-following-disclosure-cve-2025-59718-cve-2025-59719/ 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 Third Party Advisory
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e Third Party Advisory
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647 psirt@fortinet.com Vendor Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-59718 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 US Government Resource

Remediations (16)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

CVE Record: CVE-2025-59718

web:www.cve.org

Vulnerability detail for CVE-2025-59718 affected affected from 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 affected from 7.4.0 through 7.4.8 affected from 7.2.0 through 7.2.11 affected from 7.0.0 through 7.0.17

2026-09-27 17:13 UTC
Analysis of Single Sign-On Abuse on FortiOS | Fortinet Blog

web:www.fortinet.com

In December 2025 , Fortinet issued an advisory related to two FortiCloud single sign-on (SSO) bypass vulnerabilities ( CVE-2025-59718 and CVE - 2025 -59719) that the Fortinet product security team had internally discovered during a code audit (FG-IR-25-647). The vulnerabilities described in the advisory allowed for unauthenticated bypass of SSO login authentication via crafted SAML sent to FortiOS ...

2026-09-27 17:13 UTC
Nvd-cve-2025-59718

web:nvd.nist.gov

Quick Info CVE Dictionary Entry: CVE-2025-59718 NVD Published Date: Dec 09, 2025 NVD Last Modified: Jun 17, 2026 Source: Fortinet, Inc.

2026-09-27 17:13 UTC
Fortinet Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities Exploited

web:leargassecurity.com

Critical Fortinet authentication bypass vulnerability exploited for credential theft and network breaches; review impact, affected products, and patch guidance.

2026-09-27 17:13 UTC
Fortinet Admins Report Active Exploits On Fixed FortiOS Bug

web:thecyberexpress.com

The attack vector looks exactly like the original CVE-2025-59718 exploit, but against the patched firmware. Technical Confusion and Workarounds The persistence of this flaw in version 7.4.9 has led to speculation that the initial patch was incomplete or that attackers have found a bypass to the mitigation logic.

2026-09-27 17:13 UTC
GitHub - exfil0/CVE-2025-59718-PoC: Fortinet announced two closely ...

web:github.com

This tool is a proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit script for CVE-2025-59718 , a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in Fortinet products (e.g., FortiOS, FortiProxy, FortiSwitchManager) due to improper verification of cryptographic signatures in SAML messages for FortiCloud SSO. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access ...

2026-09-27 17:13 UTC
Fully patched FortiGate firewalls are getting compromised via CVE-2025 ...

web:www.helpnetsecurity.com

CVE-2025-59718 , an auth bypass flaw that attackers exploited in December 2025 to compromise FortiGate appliances, appears to have persisted.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
Fortinet Patches Critical SSO Bypass Flaws in FortiOS, FortiProxy ...

web:www.how2shout.com

Fortinet patches critical CVE-2025-59718 and CVE - 2025 -59719 SSO bypass flaws in FortiOS, FortiProxy, FortiWeb. All FortiCare-registered devices at risk.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
Investigating FortiGate CVE-2025-59718 Exploitation: IR Tales ... - Rapid7

web:www.rapid7.com

Rapid7's Incident Response (IR) team was engaged to investigate an incident involving exploitation of CVE-2025-59718 against a vulnerable FortiGate appliance. This blog details exploitation insights, attack progression, and practical detection opportunities for defenders handling their own environments.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
CVE-2025-59718 - Vulnerability Details - OpenCVE

web:app.opencve.io

A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11 ...

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
CVE-2025-59718: Fortinet FortiProxy Auth Bypass Vulnerability

web:www.sentinelone.com

CVE-2025-59718 is an authentication bypass vulnerability in Fortinet FortiProxy. Learn about its impact, affected versions, and mitigation methods.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
CVE-2025-59718 :: Enginsight Vulnerability Database

web:cve.enginsight.com

CVE-2025-59718 - A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 …

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
Hackers actively target Fortinet Firewall vulnerabilities | Cybernews

web:cybernews.com

Hackers are actively exploiting critical Fortinet FortiGate flaws to bypass SSO, steal configs, and hijack firewalls. CISA is urging users to patch immediately.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
Nvd - Cve-2025-59718

web:nvd.nist.gov

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC
Fortinet admins report patched FortiGate firewalls getting hacked

web:www.bleepingcomputer.com

Fortinet customers are seeing attackers exploiting a patch bypass for a previously fixed critical FortiGate authentication vulnerability ( CVE-2025-59718 ) to hack patched firewalls.

2026-05-22 14:47 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-59718.json.

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            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiProxy",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.6.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.4.10",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.14",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.21",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.14, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.21, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication via a crafted SAML response message."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-347",
              "description": "Improper access control",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-20T12:39:05.952Z",
        "orgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
        "shortName": "fortinet"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647",
          "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upgrade to FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.7 or above\nUpgrade to FortiSwitchManager version 7.0.6 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.6.4 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.4.11 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.2.15 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.0.22 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.6.4 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.4.9 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.12 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.0.18 or above\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 8.0.1 or above\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 7.6.5 or above\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 7.4.10 or above\nFortinet remediated this issue in FortiSASE version 25.3.b and hence customers do not need to perform any action.\nUpgrade to FortiPAM version 1.8.0 or above"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
    "assignerShortName": "fortinet",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-59718",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-09T17:20:11.783Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-19T04:30:39.464Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-20T12:39:05.952Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}