CVE-2026-120442

Description

ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge administrator tokens using a hardcoded JWT signing key in appsettings.json. Attackers can sign tokens offline with the jti claim set to the seeded administrator id to gain full API control over users, roles, permissions and data.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): VulnCheck
CVSS severity: CRITICAL
CVSS score: 9.3 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Effective score: 9.3 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-1394
Reserved: 2026-11-02
Published: 2026-11-02 14:29 UTC
Last updated: 2026-11-02 14:29 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/120xxx/CVE-2026-120442.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2026-120442 — ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 Hardcoded JWT Signing Key Authentication Bypass

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2026-11-02 15:17:26 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-11-02 19:35:33 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: disclosure@vulncheck.com
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 3.9 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.9 / 10
EPSS score: 0.0048 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile: 41.76% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-11-03

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-115202
Assigner: VulnCheck
Published: Nov 2, 2026, 2:29:03 PM
Updated: Nov 2, 2026, 2:29:03 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 4.0): 9.3 / 10
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.0000
Vendors: xianhc
Products: ape-volo-admin (0 <3.6.1)
Aliases: GHSA-c4wp-cj2h-5rj2

ENISA description: ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge administrator tokens using a hardcoded JWT signing key in appsettings.json. Attackers can sign tokens offline with the jti claim set to the seeded administrator id to gain full API control over users, roles, permissions and data.

EUVD references (8)

Affected products (1)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
xianhc	ape-volo-admin	`0` (affected)	—

Vendor references (8)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/issues/36 issue-tracking
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/commit/938f7ec58047f0c63123dc155d6a033910f00933 patch
ape-volo-admin V3.6.1 Release Notes release-notes
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Api/appsettings.json#L4-L10 technical-description
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Infrastructure/Extensions/AuthorizationExtensions.cs#L50-L60 technical-description
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Infrastructure/Authentication/PermissionHandler.cs#L130-L172 technical-description
https://hackmd.io/@hieuPenguinnn/ape-volo-admin-hardcoded-jwt-secret-admin-token-forgery technical-description
VulnCheck Advisory: ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 Hardcoded JWT Signing Key Authentication Bypass third-party-advisory

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (8)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Api/appsettings.json#L4-L10 disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Infrastructure/Authentication/PermissionHandler.cs#L130-L172 disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Infrastructure/Extensions/AuthorizationExtensions.cs#L50-L60 disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/commit/938f7ec58047f0c63123dc155d6a033910f00933 disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/issues/36 disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/releases/tag/V3.6.1 disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://hackmd.io/@hieuPenguinnn/ape-volo-admin-hardcoded-jwt-secret-admin-token-forgery disclosure@vulncheck.com
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ape-volo-admin-before-3.6.1-hardcoded-jwt-signing-key-authentication-bypass disclosure@vulncheck.com

Remediations (10)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

CVE-2026-120442 — CVSS 9.8 CRITICAL | CTIWatch

web:ctiwatch.com

CVE-2026-120442 can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring physical or adjacent access, significantly expanding the attack surface for threat actors. The vulnerability requires no privileges and no user interaction, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns and worm-like propagation. A successful exploit results in complete confidentiality breach (data ...

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
Cisco Meraki Security Hardening Release: October 2026

web:sec.cloudapps.cisco.com

As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, engineering teams conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in software hardening releases that address multiple internally discovered vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities were found during internal testing and are not known to be actively exploited. To assist customers in patching ...

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
CVE-2026-50444: Patch Critical WSUS Privilege Escalation

web:windowsforum.com

Older platforms receive their corresponding security or Extended Security Updates through the servicing channels available for those releases. Microsoft has not published a workaround or separate mitigation for CVE - 2026 -50444. Installing the applicable July 2026 Windows security update is the prescribed remediation .

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
What Is CVE Remediation in 2026? - aikido.dev

web:www.aikido.dev

None of these is a clean fix , which is why the decision on how to remediate depends on knowing what package versions are running in production and why. This post will cover how AI has accelerated CVE detection and discovery, the upgrade trap, what CVE remediation actually involves in 2026 , and how to solve the CVE remediation problem.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
CISA Vulnerability Review

web:www.cisa.gov

This review provides a baseline of the vulnerability landscape before AI-enabled vulnerability discovery becomes widespread to help organizations fix preventable software flaws, close exposure gaps and strengthen resilience against real-world cyber threats.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
PDF Insider Threat Mitigation Guide - Cisa

web:www.cisa.gov

This Insider Threat Mitigation Guide is designed to assist critical infrastructure owners and operators, related organizations, and communities in improving or establishing an insider threat mitigation program.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
CVE-2026-120442 - Detail CVSS, EPSS & CISA Kev | CVE Find

web:www.cvefind.com

Full details for CVE-2026-120442 : technical description, impact, CVSS/EPSS scores, linked CWE, CAPEC, affected CPEs, disclosure date, and mitigation options.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
The 8 Best Automated Vulnerability Remediation Tools in 2026

web:www.openhands.dev

Compare 8 automated vulnerability remediation tools for 2026 on fixes, prioritization, integrations, and deployment control.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
Oracle Critical Security Patch Update Advisory - September 2026

web:www.oracle.com

Prior Critical Patch Update and Critical Security Patch Update advisories should be reviewed for information regarding earlier published security patches. Refer to Critical Patch Updates, Critical Security Patch Updates, Security Alerts and Bulletins for information about Oracle Security advisories.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC
The CVE Database: Curated Vulnerability Intelligence by Wiz | Wiz

web:www.wiz.io

Wiz's CVE Database curates CVE data to create easy-to-navigate profiles that cover the entire vulnerability timeline, exploit scenarios, and mitigation steps.

2026-11-03 11:19 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.

Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-120442.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "ape-volo-admin",
          "repo": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin",
          "vendor": "xianhc",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.6.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "hieuPenguinnn"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge administrator tokens using a hardcoded JWT signing key in appsettings.json. Attackers can sign tokens offline with the jti claim set to the seeded administrator id to gain full API control over users, roles, permissions and data."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1394",
              "description": "Use of Default Cryptographic Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T14:29:03.407Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/issues/36"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/commit/938f7ec58047f0c63123dc155d6a033910f00933"
        },
        {
          "name": "ape-volo-admin V3.6.1 Release Notes",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/releases/tag/V3.6.1"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Api/appsettings.json#L4-L10"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Infrastructure/Extensions/AuthorizationExtensions.cs#L50-L60"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/blob/V3.5.2/Ape.Volo.Infrastructure/Authentication/PermissionHandler.cs#L130-L172"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://hackmd.io/@hieuPenguinnn/ape-volo-admin-hardcoded-jwt-secret-admin-token-forgery"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 Hardcoded JWT Signing Key Authentication Bypass",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ape-volo-admin-before-3.6.1-hardcoded-jwt-signing-key-authentication-bypass"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ape-volo-admin before 3.6.1 Hardcoded JWT Signing Key Authentication Bypass",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-120442",
    "datePublished": "2026-11-02T14:29:03.407Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-11-02T12:42:16.749Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T14:29:03.407Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}